{
\"code\": 200,
\"title\": \"\",
\"content\": \"英語句子中,主語的“人稱”和“數”要限製,決定謂語動詞的形式變化,這就叫“主謂一致”關係。\\n\\n它通常依據三項原則:\\n\\n1)語法一致; 2)意義一致; 3)就近一致。\\n\\n【語法一致原則】\\n\\nI .主語的“人稱”決定謂語動詞的形式。e.g.\\n\\n①I love \\/ She loves music . 我\\/ 她愛好音樂。\\n\\n②Are your mother a worker ? (誤)你母親是工人嗎?\\n\\nIs your mother a worker ?(正)(主語your mother 是單數第三人稱)\\n\\nII .主語的“數”決定謂語動詞的形式。\\n\\n1.“不可數名詞、可數名詞單數、單數代詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)”或“從句”等作主語,用單數謂語形式。e.g.\\n\\n①The work is important . 這項工作重要。\\n\\n②To serve the country is our duty . 為祖國服務是我們的義務。\\n\\n③How and why he left was a sad story . 他離開的經過和原因是一段傷心的經曆。\\n\\n2. 複數的名詞、代詞一般接複數謂語形式。e.g.\\n\\n①The children are taken good care of . 孩子們得到很好的照料。\\n\\n②They have gone to Chengdu . 他們去成都了。\\n\\nII. 以“and ”或“both… and”連接的並列主語:\\n\\n1.通常作複數用 。e.g.\\n\\n①Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡膠從不腐爛。\\n\\n②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。\\n\\n③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和湯姆都喜歡醫學。\\n\\n2. 如果並列主語指的是“同一個”人(事、物、抽象概念),作單數用。e.g.\\n\\n①The worker and writer has come . 這位工人作家來了。\\n\\n②A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 遠處能看見有一套馬車。\\n\\n③Truth and honesty is the best policy . 真誠是最好的策略。\\n\\n3. “and”前、後的單數詞語都有“each,every ,many ,a ,no”等修飾時,仍作單數用。e.g.\\n\\n①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.這裡每個男孩和每個女孩都享有平等權益。\\n\\n②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .冇有哪個教師或學生可以免於參加這項活動。\\n\\nⅣ. 主語前、後加表“數、量”等的修飾語時:\\n\\n1. a)“many a 單名 ”接單數謂語:“a good (great ) many 複名”接複數謂語。e.g.\\n\\n①Many a fine man has died for it . 許多優秀戰士為此獻出了生命。\\n\\n②A great many parents were present at the meeting . 許多家長出席了會議。\\n\\nb)\\\"a \\/ an 單名 or two \\\" 大多接單數謂語: \\\"one or two 複名\\\"接複數謂語。e.g.\\n\\n①Only a word or two is (are )needed. 隻需說一兩句。\\n\\n②One or two reasoms were suggested . 提出一兩條理由。\\n\\nc)\\\"a \\/ an 單名 and a half\\\"常接單數謂語;“one and a half 複名”多接複數謂語。e.g.\\n\\n①A year and a half has passed . 一年半已過去了。\\n\\n②One and a half tons of rice are sold . 已賣了一噸半大米。\\n\\nd) \\\"more than one 單名\\\"大多接單數謂語。e.g.\\n\\n①More than one person was (were )absent . 不止一個人缺席。\\n\\n\\\"more 複名 than one \\\"接複數謂語。e.g.\\n\\n②More students than one have been there . 不止一個學生去過那兒。\\n\\n\\\"more than two (three,…) 複名 \\\" 接複數謂語。e.g.\\n\\n③More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名學生聽了這場音樂會。\\n\\n2 ,主語前加表示“單位、度量”的短語如“a kind (sort \\/ type \\/ form \\/pair \\/cup \\/glass \\/piece \\/ load \\/ block \\/ box \\/ handful \\/ quantity \\/ ton \\/ metre \\/… )of”等時,表示“單位、度量”的這個名詞的單複數決定謂語形式。e.g.\\n\\na)①There is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left . 隻剩下少量的紙(書)了。\\n\\n②Large quantities of water are needed . 需要大量的水。\\n\\nb)①This kind of apple is sweet . 這種蘋果甜。\\n\\n②This kind of apples is (are) sweet . (大多依 kind ,作單數用 )\\n\\n③These kind(s) of apple(s) are sweet . (總作複數用)\\n\\n但:Apples of this kind are sweet . (總作複數用)\\n\\n3. 主語後接“with…”等構成的短語修飾成分時:謂語仍須與這類短語前的“主語”一致。可構成這類短語的常用“with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , rather than , more than ”等。e.g.\\n\\n①A woman with two children has come . 一位婦女帶著兩個孩子來了。\\n\\n②I as well as they am ready to help you . 不僅他們,我也願幫助你。\\n\\n4. \\\"one of 複數名詞 定語從句\\\":\\n\\n1)定語從句的先行詞通常是這個“複數名詞”,因此從句的謂語用複數形式。e.g.\\n\\n①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . 這是今年出版的最佳小說之一。(關係詞“that”代“novels”)\\n\\n②He was one of the boys who were praised . 他是受表揚的男孩之一。\\n\\n2)若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等時,定語從句的關係詞指代one,作從句主語時,接單數謂語。e.g.\\n\\nHe was the only one of the boys who was praaised .他是男孩中唯一受到表揚的。(關係詞who 代 the only one )\\n\\n【意義一致原則(Notional Concord)】\\n\\nI. 集合名詞作主語時:(參見“名詞”部分)\\n\\n1. 有些通常作複數用(不變詞形)。如:“people , police , cattle (牛,牲口),folk , youth , militia (民兵)”,等。e.g.\\n\\nThe police have caught the murderer .警方已捕獲凶手。\\n\\n2. 有些指“整體”時作單數,指其中的“成員”時作複數(不變詞形)。如 \\\"army , audience(聽眾),class ,club (俱樂部) ,company(公司), committee(委員會) ,crew ,crowd ,staff(員工) ,family ,public ,government ,group ,party ,union ,couple ,population ,team .\\\"等。e.g.\\n\\n①Our family is a happy one . 我們有個幸福的家庭。\\n\\n②The family are early risers . 這家人都起得早。\\n\\n③The public are (is )requested not to litter . 請公眾不要亂扔廢棄物。\\n\\n但上述集合名詞也可有複數形式。如:families , two classes .等。有些變複數形式後意義不同。如:peoples多個民族。 youths男青年。 folks親友。\\n\\nII. 代詞作主語時:(參見“代詞”部分)\\n\\n1. 不定代詞\\\"each ,one , much, (a)little ,elther ,neither ,another ,the other( 單名)\\\"等常作單數用。它們所修飾的主語也作單數。e.g.\\n\\n①Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat . 每個女孩都有頂新帽子。\\n\\n②Neither plan suits me .③Neither of the plans suits \\/ suit me . 兩個計劃都不適合我。\\n\\n2. 下列複合不定代詞一般作單數用:“someone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone ,eveything ,nobody ,no one ,nothig ”等。e.g.\\n\\n①Is everybody here ? 都到齊了嗎?\\n\\n②There was nothing special then. 那時冇什麼特彆情況。\\n\\n3. 下列不定代詞作複數用:“(a)few ,many ,several, both”等。e.g.\\n\\n①Few (of the guests ) were familiar to us . 冇幾個(客人)是我們熟識的。\\n\\n②Both \\/ Both (of ) these are interesting . 兩部影片都有趣。\\n\\n4下列代詞須視其“具體所指”來決定單、複數:\\n\\n1)“what ,which ,who ,whose ”等。e.g.\\n\\n①Who is your brother ?你兄弟是誰?\\n\\n②Who are League Members .哪些是團員?\\n\\n2)\\\"all , some ,more ,most ,any ,none ,a lot(of ), lots (of ),\\\"等。e.g.\\n\\n①All (of the students ) are working hard .(所有的學生)都在用功。\\n\\n②All (of the paint ) is fine .(這些油漆)都很好。\\n\\n3)\\\"half(of), plenty (of), the rest(of), (a)part(of), the remainder(of )餘下的)\\\",等。e.g.\\n\\n①Half of the apples are bad .蘋果中有一半是壞的。\\n\\n②Half of the apple is bad .這隻蘋果壞了一半。\\n\\nⅢ.“數詞”、“數量、單位”等詞語作主語時:\\n\\n1. 表示“運算”的數詞通常作單數 。e.g.\\n\\nTen times four makes(make) forty . 乘以四得四十。\\n\\n2.表“時間、距離、金額、度量衡”等的詞語,作“整體”看時作單數用,側重指“若乾單位”時作複數用。e.g.\\n\\n①Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光陰,彈指一揮間。\\n\\n②Twenty years have passed since he left . 他離開已二十個年頭了。\\n\\n3.“分數、百分數”通常依其“具體所指”來決定單、複數。e.g.\\n\\n①About 40 percent \\/ two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading . 這些書中百分之四十\\/五分之二值得讀。\\n\\n②Only sixty percent \\/ three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天隻乾完了百分之六十\\/五分之三的工作。\\n\\n4. \\\"a number of (許多)\\/ a varlety of (各式各樣) \\\" 複數名詞,常作複數用。e.g.\\n\\n①A number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 這個班有不少同學來自四川。\\n\\n②There are a variety of toys in this shop.這家商店有各種各樣的玩具。\\n\\n但是,“the number(數目)\\/ the variety(種類)” of 複數名詞,作單數。e.g.\\n\\n①The number of students in this college has doubled . 這所大學的學生人數翻了一番。\\n\\n②The variety of goods in this shop is rich . 這家商店貨物品種豐富。\\n\\nⅣ.單、複數同形或易混的詞作主語時:(參見“名詞”部分)\\n\\n1.以“-ics”結尾的學科名詞:指教育、科研的某一學科,作單數。e.g.\\n\\nMathematics seems easy to me .我似乎覺得數學不難。\\n\\n但是,表“具體的學業、活動”等時,多用作複數。e.g.\\n\\n①Her mathematics are weak . 她數學差。(指“學業成績、能力”)\\n\\n②What are your politiscs? 你的政治觀點如何?\\n\\n2. “works工廠,means方法,series係列,species物種,aircraft飛機”等名詞單、複數同形,要從上下文判斷其具體意義來決定單、複數。e.g.\\n\\n①This works was(These works were)built two years ago . 這(幾)家工廠是兩年前修建的。\\n\\n②Every means has (All means have) been tried . 各種辦法都試過了。\\n\\n這類名詞通常還有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (總部駐地),bellows(風箱), plastics, gallows (絞架), manners(禮貌) ,whereabouts (行蹤), ”等。(但news(訊息)是不可數名詞,通常隻作單數用。)\\n\\nⅤ. \\\"the 形容詞\\/分詞\\\"作主語時:\\n\\n1. 指“一類”人或事物時,常用作複數用。e.g.\\n\\n①The English speak English. 英國人講英語。\\n\\n②The rejected were heaped in the corner . 廢品堆在角落裡。\\n\\n2.指“某一個”人,或“抽象的”事物時,作單數用。e.g.\\n\\n①The deceased was his father . 去世的是他父親。\\n\\n②The agreeable is not always the useful . 好看的不一定中用。\\n\\n③The new and progressive always wins over the old . 新生、進步的事物總是要戰勝舊的東西。\\n\\nⅥ.專用名詞作主語時:\\n\\n1.“書名、劇名、報刊名、國家名”等通常作單數用。e.g.\\n\\n①The United States was founded in 1776. 美國成立於1776年。\\n\\n②The Arabian Nights is very interesting . 《天方夜譚》很有趣。\\n\\n2.“書刊名”有時作單數或複數兩可,尤其是編成集子的書。e.g.\\n\\nDickens' Amerian Notes were (was ) published in 1842 .\\n\\n狄更斯所著的《美國筆記》出版於1842年。\\n\\nⅦ“what等引導的從句”作主語時:\\n\\n1. 大多作單數用。e.g.\\n\\n①What we need is more practice . 我們需要的是更多的實踐。\\n\\n②What he says doesn't agree with what he does . 他言行不一致。\\n\\n2.若從句是含複數意義的並列結構、或“表語”是複數時,謂語動詞用單數或複數兩可。e.g.\\n\\n①What you say and think is \\/are no business of mine . 你怎麼說以及怎麼想,不關我的事。\\n\\n②What he bought was \\/were some books . 他所買的是幾本書。\\n\\n【就近一致原則(Proximity)】\\n\\n也稱“鄰近原則”,即:謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞(有時不一定是主語)在“人稱、數”上一致。\\n\\nI.在正式文體中:\\n\\n1.由下列詞語連接的並列主語:\\\"or ; either …or;nor; neither…or;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also\\\" ; 等。e.g.\\n\\n①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行為或言談都與我無關。\\n\\n②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都冇錯。\\n\\n③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父親該受責備。\\n\\n④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不僅你錯了,他也錯了。\\n\\n2. 在倒裝句中:謂語可與後麵第一個主語一致。e.g.\\n\\n①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在遠處,能聽見鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。\\n\\n②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。\\n\\nII. 非正式文體中:\\n\\n有時依“就近一致原則”,但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴格地依“語法一致原則”。e.g.\\n\\nNeither she nor I were there (意義一致) 我和他當時都不在那兒。(非正式)\\n\\nNeither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(譯文同上句)(正式)\\n\\n但是,如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項原則相矛盾時,則常常認為是不太合符規範的。e.g.\\n\\nNo one except his own supporters agree with him .僅他自己的支援者同意他的意見。(依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則;但語法上,“No one ”纔是主語,謂語要改成“agrees”。“寫作中”一般要依“語法一致”原則。\\n\\n\"
}